Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a diagnostic test used to analyze and identify different types of hemoglobin in the blood. It provides valuable information about the composition of hemoglobin variants, including fetal hemoglobin (HbF), hemoglobin A (HbA), hemoglobin A2 (HbA2), and variant hemoglobins. Each type of hemoglobin has distinct characteristics and plays a specific role in oxygen transport and carbon dioxide exchange within the body. By separating and quantifying these hemoglobin fractions, hemoglobin electrophoresis helps diagnose and monitor various blood disorders, such as thalassemia, sickle cell disease, and other hemoglobinopathies.

During hemoglobin electrophoresis, a blood sample is subjected to an electric current, causing the different hemoglobin molecules to migrate at varying speeds based on their charge and size. This separation allows for the identification and quantification of individual hemoglobin components. Hemoglobin electrophoresis results typically include measurements of HbF, HbA, and HbA2 levels, along with the presence or absence of variant hemoglobins. These results are essential for diagnosing and characterizing hemoglobin disorders, guiding treatment decisions, and assessing the risk of complications associated with specific conditions. Overall, hemoglobin electrophoresis is a valuable tool in hematology, providing critical insights into the composition of hemoglobin and aiding in the diagnosis and management of various blood disorders.